Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction (TMD), a common condition affecting the jaw, face, and neck. TMD can cause jaw pain, clicking or popping sounds, restricted mouth opening, facial tension, headaches, and discomfort radiating into the ears, neck, or shoulders. These symptoms often worsen with stress, poor posture, clenching, or muscle overuse.
TMD arises from a combination of muscular imbalance, joint irritation, cervical spine dysfunction, and habitual behaviours such as grinding or poor head posture. Trauma, inflammation, or disc displacement can also contribute to long‑term jaw issues. Understanding these underlying causes is essential for effective treatment.
Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a neuropathic pain condition affecting the trigeminal nerve—the major cranial nerve responsible for sensation to the jaw, face, teeth, and parts of the scalp. While classical TN is often associated with vascular compression near the brainstem, functional mechanical contributors involving the upper cervical spine and cranial structures can also create trigeminal irritation, producing unilateral jaw pain, facial discomfort, and headache patterns.
The pathophysiology of the trigemino-cervical complex (TCC) is a shared sensory region where upper cervical nerves (C1–C3) and trigeminal nerve fibres converge in the brainstem.
• Irritation in C1–C3 can be interpreted by the brain as jaw, temple, or facial pain.
• Dysfunction in the suboccipital region can refer pain into the trigeminal distribution.
• Cervical joint restriction, muscle tension, or neural irritation can amplify trigeminal sensitivity, contributing to symptoms resembling TMD or TN.
Explaining why you and many other individuals experience unilateral jaw pain and headaches that do not originate from the jaw itself but from upper cervical dysfunction.
Because the trigeminal nerve has three distinct branches and receives convergent input from the same-side cervical nerves, irritation almost always affects one side only.
• Atlanto‑occipital or upper cervical joint dysfunction
• Increased tension in suboccipital muscles compressing nerve pathways
• Postural strain (forward‑head posture increasing upper cervical load)
• Whiplash or cervical trauma
• Cranial base restrictions influencing trigeminal nerve mobility
• Chronic clenching or bruxism increasing neural sensitivity.
Our myotherapists in South Morang use a comprehensive, hands‑on approach to restore healthy jaw and neck function. Treatment may include targeted soft‑tissue techniques for the jaw and facial muscles, joint mobilisations, cervical and thoracic therapy, and myofascial release to reduce tension and improve movement. We also integrate corrective exercises such as jaw‑control retraining, posture improvement, deep‑neck‑flexor strengthening, and mobility work to support long‑term results.
Adjunct therapies—including dry needling, taping, habit awareness, and stress‑management strategies—add further support by reducing strain on the jaw.
A retruded temporomandibular joint (TMJ) occurs when the mandibular condyle sits too far posteriorly within the glenoid fossa, placing abnormal stress on the ligaments and cartilage that stabilise the joint. In this position, the retrodiscal tissues—a vascular and highly innervated ligamentous region behind the condyle—become overstretched and inflamed. At the same time, the collateral ligaments that anchor the articular disc loosen, allowing the disc to shift forward. This anterior displacement
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